English Language Arts Vertical Alignment€¦ · Page 6 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017 Grades 11-12 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis - [PDF Document] (2024)

Page 1 | NAME OF PROJECT OR TITLE OF DOCUMENT | January 13, 2014

English Language Arts Vertical Alignment

WRITING STRAND

2017

Page 2 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

English Language Arts Vertical Alignment Writing Strand

Introduction Ohio’s English Language Arts Learning Standards in the vertical format show the college and career

readiness anchor standards (CCRA), organized by strand, with their corresponding grade-level

standards. We call these Vertical Alignments. These vertical alignments allow you to see what the

students should be learning in their grade level, but also in the grade level or levels above and below the

student’s grade level.

Vertical alignments can be helpful for instructional planning. For example, CCRA 8 in the Writing strand

asks the student to gather information from multiple sources, judge the information for credibility and

accuracy, and then use this information in writing without plagiarizing. This is the one of the expectations

for students graduating from high school to show college or career readiness. To build to this level, the

standards ask a student in grades K-5 to use information from personal experience or a source from the

teacher to answer a question. In grades 6-12, students should be able to decide if the information they

have gathered is credible and accurate to address the question. If a student struggles to do this, a

teacher may go back in the vertical alignment to see if the student has mastered the standard in previous

grade levels. Students would need to master gathering information skills before they would be able to

master the skill of judging the information to determine if they should or should not use the facts,

examples, or other support to answer the research question. The teacher can then differentiate, or tailor

the lessons and supports to the students’ needs, to help students reach the skills in the standard at their

grade level.

The vertical alignments are also helpful for parents who want to follow the skills and concepts that their

children should be mastering from one grade level to the next.

Page 3 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Text Types and Purposes

College and Career Readiness (CCR) Anchor Standard 1: Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces in which they tell a reader the topic or the name of the book they are writing about and state an opinion or preference about the topic or book (e.g., My favorite book is…).

Grade 1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or name the book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply a reason for the opinion, and provide some sense of closure.

Grade 2 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

Grade 3

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons. a. Introduce the topic or text they are writing about, state an opinion, and

create an organizational structure that lists reasons. b. Provide reasons that support the opinion.c. Use linking words and phrases (e.g., because, therefore, since, for example)

to connect opinion and reasons.d. Provide a concluding statement or section.

Grade 4

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information.

a. Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an opinion, and create anorganizational structure in which related ideas are grouped to support the writer's purpose.

b. Provide reasons that are supported by facts and details.c. Link opinion and reasons using words and phrases (e.g., for instance, in

order to, in addition).d. Provide a concluding statement or section related to the opinion presented.

Page 4 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 5

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information.

a. Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an opinion, and create anorganizational structure in which ideas are logically grouped to support thewriter's purpose.

b. Provide logically ordered reasons that are supported by facts and details.c. Link opinion and reasons using words, phrases, and clauses (e.g.,

consequently, specifically).d. Provide a concluding statement or section related to the opinion presented.

Grade 6

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. a. Establish a thesis statement to present an argument.b. Introduce claim(s) and organize the reasons and evidence clearly.c. Support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible

sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.d. Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s)

and reasons.e. Establish and maintain a formal style.f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the argument

presented.

Grade 7

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. a. Establish a thesis statement to present an argument.b. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate or opposing claims, and organize

the reasons and evidence logically.c. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using

accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topicor text.

d. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify therelationships among claim(s), reasons, and evidence.

e. Establish and maintain a formal style.f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports

the argument presented.

Page 5 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 8

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. a. Establish a clear thesis statement to present an argument.b. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate

or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.c. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using

accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topicor text.

d. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify therelationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

e. Establish and maintain a formal style.f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports

the argument presented.

Grades 9-10

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

a. Establish a clear and thorough thesis to present an argument.b. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or

opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clearrelationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

c. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each whilepointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipatesthe audience's knowledge level and concerns.

d. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text,create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons,between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.

e. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending tothe norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supportsthe argument presented.

Page 6 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 11-12

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

a. Establish a clear and thorough thesis to present a complex argument.b. Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the

claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, andcreate an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims,reasons, and evidence.

c. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying themost relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths andlimitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledgelevel, concerns, values, and possible biases.

d. Use words, phrases, and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the majorsections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships betweenclaim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s)and counterclaims.

e. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending tothe norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supportsthe argument presented.

Page 7 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Text Types and Purposes

CCR Anchor Standard 2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose informative/explanatory texts in which they name what they are writing about and supply some information about the topic.

Grade 1 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure.

Grade 2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section.

Grade 3

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

a. Introduce a topic and group related information together; include illustrationsto aid comprehension, if needed.

b. Develop the topic with facts, definitions, and details.c. Use linking words and phrases (e.g., also, another, and, more, but) to

connect ideas within categories of information.d. Provide a concluding statement or section.

Grade 4

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

a. Introduce a topic clearly and group related information in paragraphs andsections; include formatting (e.g., headings), illustrations, and multimedia to aid comprehension, if needed.

b. Develop the topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, orother information and examples related to the topic.

c. Link ideas within categories of information using words and phrases (e.g.,another, for example, also, because).

d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about orexplain the topic.

e. Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information orexplanation presented.

Page 8 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 5

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

a. Introduce a topic clearly, provide a general observation and focus, andgroup related information logically; include formatting (e.g., headings),illustrations, and multimedia to aid comprehension, if needed.

b. Develop the topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, orother information and examples related to the topic.

c. Link ideas within and across categories of information using words, phrases,and clauses (e.g., in contrast, especially).

d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about orexplain the topic.

e. Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information orexplanation presented.

Grade 6

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

a. Establish a thesis statement to present information.b. Introduce a topic; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using

strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, andcause/effect; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts,tables), and multimedia to aid comprehension, if needed.

c. Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details,quotations, or other information and examples.

d. Use appropriate transitions to clarify the relationships among ideas andconcepts.

e. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about orexplain the topic.

f. Establish and maintain a formal style.g. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the information

or explanation presented.

Page 9 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 7

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

a. Establish a thesis statement to present information.b. Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas,

concepts, and information, using strategies such as definition, classification,comparison/contrast, and cause/effect; include formatting (e.g., headings),graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia to aid comprehension, ifneeded.

c. Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details,quotations, or other information and examples.

d. Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationshipsamong ideas and concepts.

e. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about orexplain the topic.

f. Establish and maintain a formal style.g. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the

information or explanation presented.

Grade 8

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

a. Establish a clear thesis statement to present information.b. Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas,

concepts, and information into broader categories; include formatting (e.g.,headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia to aidcomprehension, if needed.

c. Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concretedetails, quotations, or other information and examples.

d. Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify therelationships among ideas and concepts.

e. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about orexplain the topic.

f. Establish and maintain a formal style.g. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the

information or explanation presented.

Page 10 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 9-10

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

a. Establish a clear and thorough thesis to present information.b. Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to

make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g.,headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia to aidcomprehension, if needed.

c. Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extendeddefinitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examplesappropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

d. Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text,create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas andconcepts.

e. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage thecomplexity of the topic.

f. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending tothe norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

g. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports theinformation or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or thesignificance of the topic).

Grades 11-12

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

a. Establish a clear and thorough thesis to present and explain information.b. Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that

each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole;include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), andmultimedia to aid comprehension, if needed.

c. Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevantfacts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other informationand examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

d. Use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sectionsof the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complexideas and concepts.

e. Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such asmetaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.

f. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending tothe norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

g. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports theinformation or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or thesignificance of the topic).

Page 11 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Text Types and Purposes CCR Anchor Standard 3: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to narrate a single event or several loosely linked events, tell about the events in the order in which they occurred, and provide a reaction to what happened.

Grade 1 Write narratives in which they recount two or more appropriately sequenced events, include some details regarding what happened, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide some sense of closure.

Grade 2 Write narratives in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events, include details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide a sense of closure.

Grade 3

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.

a. Establish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters; organize anevent sequence that unfolds naturally.

b. Use dialogue and descriptions of actions, thoughts, and feelings to developexperiences and events or show the response of characters to situations.

c. Use temporal words and phrases to signal event order.d. Provide a sense of closure.

Grade 4

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.

a. Orient the reader by establishing a situation and introducing a narrator and/orcharacters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally.

b. Use dialogue and description to develop experiences and events or show theresponses of characters to situations.

c. Use a variety of transitional words and phrases to manage the sequence ofevents.

d. Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiencesand events precisely.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Page 12 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 5

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.

a. Orient the reader by establishing a situation and introducing a narrator and/orcharacters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally.

b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, description, and pacing, todevelop experiences and events or show the responses of characters tosituations.

c. Use a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses to manage thesequence of events.

d. Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiencesand events precisely.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Grade 6

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

a. Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and introducing anarrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfoldsnaturally and logically.

b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, todevelop experiences, events, and/or characters.

c. Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequenceand signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.

d. Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensorylanguage to convey experiences and events.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Grade 7

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

a. Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view andintroducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence thatunfolds naturally and logically.

b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, todevelop experiences, events, and/or characters.

c. Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequenceand signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.

d. Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensorylanguage to capture the action and convey experiences and events.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narratedexperiences or events.

Page 13 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 8

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

a. Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view andintroducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence thatunfolds naturally and logically.

b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, andreflection, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

c. Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence,signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another, and show therelationships among experiences and events.

d. Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensorylanguage to capture the action and convey experiences and events.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narratedexperiences or events.

Grades 9-10

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

a. Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, orobservation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing anarrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences orevents.

b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection,and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

c. Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on oneanother to create a coherent whole.

d. Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language toconvey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced,observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.

Page 14 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 11-12

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

a. Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, orobservation and its significance, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view,and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression ofexperiences or events.

b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection,and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

c. Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on oneanother to create a coherent whole and build toward a particular tone andoutcome (e.g., a sense of mystery, suspense, growth, or resolution).

d. Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language toconvey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.

e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced,observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.

Page 15 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Production and Distribution of Writing CCR Anchor Standard 4: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. Grade Grade-Specific Standard Kindergarten (Begins in grade 3) Grade 1 (Begins in grade 3) Grade 2 (Begins in grade 3)

Grade 3 With guidance and support from adults, produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grade 4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grade 5 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grade 6 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grade 7 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grade 8 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grades 9-10 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Grades 11-12 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1-3 above.)

Page 16 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Production and Distribution of Writing CCR Anchor Standard 5: Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten With guidance and support from adults, respond to questions and suggestions from peers and add details to strengthen writing as needed.

Grade 1 With guidance and support from adults, focus on a topic, respond to questions and suggestions from peers, and add details to strengthen writing as needed.

Grade 2 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

Grade 3 With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 3.)

Grade 4 With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 4.)

Grade 5 With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 5.)

Grade 6 With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 6.)

Grade 7

With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 7.)

Grade 8

With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 8.)

Page 17 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 9-10 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grades 9-10.)

Grades 11-12 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grades 11-12.)

Page 18 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Production and Distribution of Writing

CCR Anchor Standard 6: Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.

Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten With guidance and support from adults, explore a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.

Grade 1 With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.

Grade 2 With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.

Grade 3 With guidance and support from adults, use technology to produce and publish writing (using keyboarding skills) as well as to interact and collaborate with others.

Grade 4 With some guidance and support from adults, use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others, while demonstrating sufficient command of keyboarding skills.

Grade 5 With some guidance and support from adults, use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others, while demonstrating sufficient command of keyboarding skills.

Grade 6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others, while demonstrating sufficient command of keyboarding skills.

Grade 7 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and link to and cite sources, as well as to interact and collaborate with others, including linking to and citing sources.

Grade 8 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently, as well as to interact and collaborate with others.

Page 19 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 9-10 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.

Grades 11-12 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information.

Page 20 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

CCR Anchor Standard 7: Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of books by a favorite author and express opinions about them).

Grade 1 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of "how-to" books on a given topic and use them to write a sequence of instructions).

Grade 2 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).

Grade 3 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge about a topic.

Grade 4 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.

Grade 5 Conduct short research projects that use several sources to build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.

Grade 6 Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.

Grade 7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further research and investigation.

Grade 8 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration.

Grades 9-10 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Grades 11-12 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Page 21 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

CCR Anchor Standard 8: Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism. Grade Grade-Specific Standard

Kindergarten With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

Grade 1 With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

Grade 2 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

Grade 3 Recall information from experiences or gather information from print and digital sources; take brief notes on sources and sort evidence into provided categories.

Grade 4 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information and provide a list of sources.

Grade 5 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; summarize or paraphrase information in notes and finished work and provide a list of sources.

Grade 6 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others, while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources.

Grade 7 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others, while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Grade 8 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others, while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Grades 9-10 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Page 22 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 11-12

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation.

Page 23 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Research to Build and Present Knowledge CCR Anchor Standard 9: Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Grade Grade-Specific Standard Kindergarten (Begins in grade 4) Grade 1 (Begins in grade 4) Grade 2 (Begins in grade 4) Grade 3 (Begins in grade 4)

Grade 4

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grade 4 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Describe in depth acharacter, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details inthe text [e.g., a character's thoughts, words, or actions].").

b. Apply grade 4 Reading standards to informational texts (e.g., "Explain howan author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text").

Grade 5

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grade 5 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Compare and contrasttwo or more characters, settings, or events in a story or a drama, drawing onspecific details in the text [e.g., how characters interact]").

b. Apply grade 5 Reading standards to informational texts (e.g., "Explain howan author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text,identifying which reasons and evidence support which point[s]").

Grade 6

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grade 6 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Compare and contrasttexts in different forms or genres [e.g., stories and poems; historical novelsand fantasy stories] in terms of their approaches to similar themes andtopics").

b. Apply grade 6 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Trace andevaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims thatare supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not").

Page 24 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grade 7

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grade 7 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Compare and contrast afictional portrayal of a time, place, or character and a historical account of thesame period as a means of understanding how authors of fiction use or alterhistory").

b. Apply grade 7 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g. "Trace andevaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether thereasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support theclaims").

Grade 8

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Analyze how a modernwork of fiction alludes to themes, patterns of events, or character types frommyths, traditional stories, and religious literary texts, such as the Bible andThe Epic of Gilgamesh, including describing how the material is renderednew").

b. Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineate andevaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether thereasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognizewhen irrelevant evidence is introduced").

Grades 9-10

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grades 9-10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Analyze how anauthor alludes to and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., howShakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a laterauthor draws on a play by Shakespeare]").

b. Apply grades 9-10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineateand evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whetherthe reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identifyfalse statements and fallacious reasoning").

Page 25 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Grades 11-12

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

a. Apply grades 11-12 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Demonstrateknowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- and early-twentieth-centuryfoundational works of American literature, including how two or more diversetexts from the same period treat similar themes and/or topics").

b. Apply grades 11-12 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineateand evaluate the reasoning in seminal U.S. texts, including the application ofconstitutional principles and use of legal reasoning [e.g., in U.S. SupremeCourt Case majority opinions and dissents] and the premises, purposes, andarguments in works of public advocacy [e.g., The Federalist, presidentialaddresses]").

Page 26 | English Language Arts Vertical Alignment: Writing Strand | 2017

Range of Writing

CCR Anchor Standard 10: Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade Grade-Specific Standard Kindergarten (Begins in grade 3) Grade 1 (Begins in grade 3) Grade 2 (Begins in grade 3)

Grade 3 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade 4 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade 5 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade 6 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade 7 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade 8 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grades 9-10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grades 11-12 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.